When one has SPD, their brain is unable to receive and respond to sensory input coming from various senses of the body. This medical condition is also known as sensory integration dysfunction. For an individual to perform properly, their brain receives information from senses from various modalities. Some of the modalities from which information comes from include taste, tactile, olfactory, audition, vision, and vestibular system.
The condition is characterized by certain major problems. Patients with sensory processing disorder will normally experience trouble in organizing sensations that come from their bodies and the surroundings. These problems manifest in the individual through difficulty in functioning in various areas of life. Some of the areas of life where subjects find it difficult to function are daily activities, leisure and play, and productivity.
There are several types of SPD and each type may have several subtypes under it. The various types may have effect on one or multiple senses. As such, the symptoms that one experiences are usually dependent on which type or subtype of the condition one is suffering from. If one is suffering from oversensitivity, they may dislike certain textures, avoid crowded and noisy places, experience motion sickness, refuse normal skin contact interactions, and be picky eaters.
Experiencing sleep disorder is also a common characteristic of oversensitivity. Oversensitive people are woken by minor sounds due to sensory overload. Patients feel seriously discomforted, threatened, or sickened by normal stimuli like lights, odors, tastes, and sounds. Others will even feel discomforted by their own heartbeats. As a result of these experiences, functioning and coexistence in social and other settings is made difficult.
Additional subtypes within this condition are under-responsivity, sensory motor based problems, sensory discrimination problems, and sensory craving. People who suffer from sensory discrimination often have poor handwritings, have trouble eating and dressing, use inappropriate effort when handling objects, and drop things constantly. Those with sensory craving often fidget excessively, appear impulsive, bite pencils, clothing, or fingers, make loud noises, and seek extreme sensations.
SPD is not classified under medical disorders in ICD-10 and other medical manuals. Diagnosis is done using a number of tests. Some of the commonest mechanisms of diagnosing are free play observations, expert observational scales, standardized questionnaires, and standardized tests. Free play observation is usually done in an occupational therapy gym. Observation can be done both at school and at home.
The kind of practitioners that perform diagnosis are usually dependent on the country under consideration. Some of the practitioner who diagnose this condition include physiotherapists, speech and language therapists, learning specialists, psychologists, and occupational therapists. If the symptoms are too severe, it may be necessary to perform full neurological and psychological evaluation. Examples of standardized tests are SIPT, TSI, and TSFI while examples of standardized questionnaires are SPM, SPM-P, SP, and adolescent/adult sensory profile among others.
Researchers have come up with various therapies for treating SPD, including sensory processing therapy and sensory integration therapy. The latter therapy is based on four major principles. The principles are adaptive response, child directed, just right challenge, and active engagement. The goals in each principle are different and they all need to be achieved during a therapy session.
The condition is characterized by certain major problems. Patients with sensory processing disorder will normally experience trouble in organizing sensations that come from their bodies and the surroundings. These problems manifest in the individual through difficulty in functioning in various areas of life. Some of the areas of life where subjects find it difficult to function are daily activities, leisure and play, and productivity.
There are several types of SPD and each type may have several subtypes under it. The various types may have effect on one or multiple senses. As such, the symptoms that one experiences are usually dependent on which type or subtype of the condition one is suffering from. If one is suffering from oversensitivity, they may dislike certain textures, avoid crowded and noisy places, experience motion sickness, refuse normal skin contact interactions, and be picky eaters.
Experiencing sleep disorder is also a common characteristic of oversensitivity. Oversensitive people are woken by minor sounds due to sensory overload. Patients feel seriously discomforted, threatened, or sickened by normal stimuli like lights, odors, tastes, and sounds. Others will even feel discomforted by their own heartbeats. As a result of these experiences, functioning and coexistence in social and other settings is made difficult.
Additional subtypes within this condition are under-responsivity, sensory motor based problems, sensory discrimination problems, and sensory craving. People who suffer from sensory discrimination often have poor handwritings, have trouble eating and dressing, use inappropriate effort when handling objects, and drop things constantly. Those with sensory craving often fidget excessively, appear impulsive, bite pencils, clothing, or fingers, make loud noises, and seek extreme sensations.
SPD is not classified under medical disorders in ICD-10 and other medical manuals. Diagnosis is done using a number of tests. Some of the commonest mechanisms of diagnosing are free play observations, expert observational scales, standardized questionnaires, and standardized tests. Free play observation is usually done in an occupational therapy gym. Observation can be done both at school and at home.
The kind of practitioners that perform diagnosis are usually dependent on the country under consideration. Some of the practitioner who diagnose this condition include physiotherapists, speech and language therapists, learning specialists, psychologists, and occupational therapists. If the symptoms are too severe, it may be necessary to perform full neurological and psychological evaluation. Examples of standardized tests are SIPT, TSI, and TSFI while examples of standardized questionnaires are SPM, SPM-P, SP, and adolescent/adult sensory profile among others.
Researchers have come up with various therapies for treating SPD, including sensory processing therapy and sensory integration therapy. The latter therapy is based on four major principles. The principles are adaptive response, child directed, just right challenge, and active engagement. The goals in each principle are different and they all need to be achieved during a therapy session.
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